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Five dynasties of Delhi Sultanate
Sultan of Delhi Flag
Style
First monarch Qutb ud-Din Aibak Last monarch Ibrahim Khan Lodi Formation 25 June 1206 Abolition 21 April 1526 (Total 319 years) Residence
Appointer Hereditary
The Sultan of Delhi was the absolute monarch of the Delhi Sultanate which stretched over large parts of the subcontinent during the period of Medieval India , for 320 years (1206–1526).[ 1] [ 2] Following the conquest of South Asia by the Ghurids, five unrelated heterogeneous dynasties ruled over the Delhi Sultanate sequentially: the Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290), the Khalji dynasty (1290–1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414),[ 3] the Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451), and the Lodi dynasty (1451–1526). It covered large swaths of territory in modern-day India , Pakistan , and Bangladesh .[ 4]
This list contains the rulers of Delhi Sultanate in chronological order.[ 5]
Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290)[ edit ]
S/N
Name of ruler
Birth Date
Death Date
Beginning of reign
End of reign
Notes
1
Qutb-ud-din Aibak
1150
14 November 1210
25 June 1206
14 November 1210
2
Aram Shah
1176
June 1211
December 1210
June 1211
3
Iltutmish
1192
30 April 1236
June 1211
30 April 1236
Son-in-law of Aibak
4
Ruknuddin Firuz (Firuz I)
1211
19 November 1236
30 April 1236
19 November 1236
Son of Iltutmish
5
Razia Sultana
1205[ 6]
15 October 1240
November 1236
20 April 1240
Daughter of Iltutmish
6
Muiz ud din Bahram
9 July 1212
15 May 1242
20 April 1240
15 May 1242
Son of Iltutmish
7
Ala-ud-Din Masud Shah
1227 or 1232
10 June 1246
May 1242
10 June 1246
Son of Ruknuddin Firuz
8
Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah (Mahmud I)
1229 or 1230
18 February 1266
10 June 1246
18 February 1266
Grandson of Iltutmish
9
Ghiyas ud din Balban
1216
13 January 1287
18 February 1266
13 January 1287
Turkish noble in the court of Iltutmish
10
Muiz ud din Qaiqabad
1269
1 February 1290
13 January 1287
1 February 1290
Grandson of Balban
11
Shamsuddin Kayumars
1285/1287
13 June 1290
1 February 1290
13 June 1290
Son of Qaiqabad
Khalji/Khilji dynasty (1290–1320)[ edit ]
S/N
Name
Birth date
Death date
Beginning of reign
End of reign
Notes
12
Jalal-ud-din Khalji (Firuz II)
1220
19 July 1296
13 June 1290
19 July 1296
–
Ruknuddin Ibrahim (titular)
unknown
1297
19 July 1296
November 1296
Son of Jalal-ud-din Khalji. He ruled for a short time, not always indicating his names on the lists.
13
Alauddin Khalji
1266
4 January 1316
19 July 1296
4 January 1316
Nephew of Jalal-ud-din Khalji
14
Shihabuddin Omar
1310 or 1311
14 April 1316
5 January 1316
14 April 1316
Son of Alauddin Khalji
15
Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah
1299
9 July 1320
14 April 1316
1 May 1320
Son of Alauddin Khalji
Outside of the dynasties (1320)[ edit ]
S/N
Name
Birth date
Death date
Beginning of reign
End of reign
Notes
16
Khusrau Khan
unknown
1320
10 July 1320
5 September 1320
He ruled for a short time, not founding a dynasty.
Tughluq dynasty (1320–1414)[ edit ]
S/N
Name
Birth date
Death date
Beginning of reign
End of reign
Notes
17
Ghiyasuddin Tughluq
unknown
1 February 1325
8 September 1320
1 February 1325
18
Muhammad bin Tughluq (Muhammad II)
c. 1290
20 March 1351
1 February 1325
20 March 1351
Son of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq
19
Firuz Shah Tughlaq (Firuz III)
1309
20 September 1388
23 March 1351
20 September 1388
Son-in-law of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq
20
Tughluq Khan (Tughluq II)
unknown
14 March 1389
20 September 1388
14 March 1389
Grandson of Firuz Shah Tughlaq
21
Abu Bakr Shah
unknown
after 1390
15 March 1389
31 August 1390
Grandson of Firuz Shah Tughlaq
22
Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III (Muhammad III)
unknown
20 January 1394
31 August 1390
20 January 1394
Son of Firuz Shah Tughlaq
23
Ala ud-din Sikandar Shah
unknown
8 March 1394
22 January 1394
8 March 1394
Son of Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III
24
Nasir-ud-din Mahmud Shah Tughluq
unknown
February 1413
8 March 1394
February 1413
Son of Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III
–
Nasir-ud-din Nusrat Shah Tughluq
unknown
1398 or 1399
January 1395
1398 or 1399
Brother of Tughluq Khan. Mahmud Shah's anti-king, claimant to the throne, sub-ruler.
Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451)[ edit ]
S/N
Name
Birth date
Death date
Beginning of reign
End of reign
Notes
25
Khizr Khan
unknown
20 May 1421
28 May 1414
20 May 1421
26
Mubarak Shah
unknown
19 February 1434
21 May 1421
19 February 1434
Son of Khizr Khan
27
Muhammad Shah (Muhammad IV)
unknown
1 January 1445
February 1434
1 January 1445
Grandson of Khizr Khan
28
Alam Shah
unknown
July 1478
1 January 1445
19 April 1451
Son of Muhammad Shah
Lodi dynasty (1451–1526)[ edit ]
S/N
Name
Birth date
Death date
Beginning of reign
End of reign
Notes
29
Bahlul Lodi
1420
12 July 1489
19 April 1451
12 July 1489
30
Sikandar Lodi (Sikandar II)
17 July 1458
21 November 1517
17 July 1489
21 November 1517
Son of Bahlul Lodi
31
Ibrahim Lodi
1480
21 April 1526
November 1517
21 April 1526
Son of Sikandar Lodi
Mamluk dynasty (1206-1290)[ edit ]
Khalji/Khilji dynasty (1290-1320)[ edit ]
Tughluq dynasty (1320-1414)[ edit ]
Sayyid dynasty (1414-1451)[ edit ]
Lodi dynasty (1451-1526)[ edit ]
^ Delhi Sultanate , Encyclopedia Britannica
^ A. Schimmel, Islam in the Indian Subcontinent, Leiden, 1980
^ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History . Primus Books. pp. 68–102. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4 .
^ Chapman, Graham. "Religious vs. regional determinism: India, Pakistan and Bangladesh as inheritors of empire." Shared space: Divided space. Essays on conflict and territorial organization (1990): 106-134.
^ "سلاطین دہلی - وجود" . www.wujood.com (in Urdu). Retrieved 13 November 2023 .
^ Smithsonian "TIMELINES OF EVERYONE" (1st ed.). U.S. U.K.: DK. 2020. p. 63. ISBN 9781465499967 .
Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.