Kerman province
Kerman Province
Persian: استان کرمان | |
|---|---|
 Bam Fortress (2016) | |
 Location of Kerman province within Iran | |
| Coordinates: 29°13′N 57°26′E / 29.217°N 57.433°E[1] | |
| Country |  Iran |
| Region | Region 5 |
| Capital | Kerman |
| Counties | 25 |
| Government | |
| • Governor-general | Mohammad Ali Talebi |
| Area | |
• Total | 183,285 km2 (70,767 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 192 m (630 ft) |
| Population (2016)[2] | |
• Total | 3,164,718 |
| • Density | 17/km2 (45/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+03:30 (IRST) |
| ISO 3166 code | IR-08 |
| Main language(s) | Persian |
| HDI (2017) | 0.778[3] high · 20th |
| Website | www.gov.kr.ir |
Kerman province (Persian: استان کرمان)[a] is the largest of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Kerman.[4]
The province is in the southeast of Iran. In 2014 it was placed in Region 5.[5] Mentioned in ancient times as the Achaemenid satrapy of Carmania,[6] Kerman province has an area of 183,285 km2 (70,767 sq mi), encompassing nearly 11% of the land area of Iran.[7]
History
[edit]
According to a text from the 8th century commontly attributed to the Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi, present-day Kerman province was situated in the southern quarter of the Sasanian Empire. The main city of the region from the Sasanian era to the 10th century was Sirjan.[8]
Early Muslim geographers considered the area as part of the hot climatic zone and the mountainous interior as home of predatory people including the Kufečs (or Kofejān). Hamdallah Mustawfi stated that predatory beasts roamed the area which by then had undergone forestation.[8]
In the 13th century it came under the rule of the Qutlugh-Khanids founded by ethnic Khitans, than under the Mongol empire. It was under the Timurid empire in 15th century.
Demographics
[edit]Language
[edit]The main languages of Kerman province are Persian and Garmsiri. Smaller languages include Achomi, Turkic dialects and a Median-type dialect spoken by the Jewish and Zoroastrian communities.[9]
The Persian varieties can be considered one single Kermani accent and they are sufficiently close to Standard Persian which they share intelligibility with.[9]
Population
[edit]At the time of the 2006 National Census, the province's population was 2,584,834 in 612,996 households.[10] The 2011 census recorded a population of 2,938,988 people (1,482,339 male and 1,456,649 female) in 785,747 households. Urban areas accounted for 1,684,982 people, whereas 1,242,344 lived in rural vicinities; 6,082 were non-residents.[11] The 2016 census measured the population of the province as 3,164,718 in 932,721 households. The capital city of Kerman, with a population of 537,718, comprises about 29% of the provincial urban population of 1.85 million, being the most developed and largest city of the province.[2]
Administrative divisions
[edit]
The population history and structural changes of Kerman province's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.
| Counties | 2006[10] | 2011[11] | 2016[2] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anar[b] | — | 35,295 | 36,897 |
| Anbarabad | 113,751 | 85,942 | 82,438 |
| Arzuiyeh[c] | — | 41,979 | 38,510 |
| Baft | 138,847 | 75,940 | 84,103 |
| Bam | 277,835 | 195,603 | 228,241 |
| Bardsir | 84,543 | 73,738 | 81,983 |
| Fahraj[d] | — | 68,038 | 67,096 |
| Faryab[e] | — | 34,417 | 34,000 |
| Gonbaki[f] | — | — | — |
| Jazmurian[g] | — | — | — |
| Jiroft | 181,300 | 277,748 | 308,858 |
| Kahnuj | 102,269 | 86,290 | 95,848 |
| Kerman | 654,052 | 722,484 | 738,724 |
| Kuhbanan | 24,465 | 21,721 | 21,205 |
| Manujan | 63,270 | 64,528 | 65,705 |
| Narmashir[h] | — | 58,229 | 54,228 |
| Qaleh Ganj | 69,008 | 76,376 | 76,495 |
| Rabor[i] | — | 34,392 | 35,362 |
| Rafsanjan | 291,417 | 287,921 | 311,214 |
| Ravar | 38,539 | 40,295 | 43,198 |
| Rigan[j] | — | 66,335 | 88,410 |
| Rudbar-e Jonubi | 86,747 | 104,421 | 105,992 |
| Shahr-e Babak | 100,192 | 90,495 | 103,975 |
| Sirjan | 239,455 | 267,697 | 324,103 |
| Zarand | 119,144 | 129,104 | 138,133 |
| Total | 2,584,834 | 2,938,988 | 3,164,718 |
Cities
[edit]According to the 2016 census, 1,858,587 people (over 58% of the population of Kerman province) live in the following cities:[2]
Most populous cities
[edit]The following sorted table, lists the most populous cities in Kerman.[2]
| Rank | City | County | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kerman | Kerman | 537,718 |
| 2 | Sirjan | Sirjan | 199,704 |
| 3 | Rafsanjan | Rafsanjan | 161,909 |
| 4 | Jiroft | Jiroft | 130,429 |
| 5 | Bam | Bam | 127,396 |
| 6 | Zarand | Zarand | 60,370 |
| 7 | Kahnuj | Kahnuj | 52,624 |
| 8 | Shahr-e Babak | Shahr-e Babak | 51,620 |
| 9 | Baft | Baft | 34,517 |
| 10 | Bardsir | Bardsir | 25,152 |
Geography
[edit] |
The altitudes and heights of the province are the continuation of the central mountain ranges of Iran. They extend from the volcanic folds beginning in Azerbaijan and, by branching out in the central plateau of Iran, terminate in Baluchestan. These mountain ranges have brought about vast plains in the province. The Bashagard and Kuhbonan Mountains are the highest in this region and include peaks such as Toghrol, Aljerd, Palvar, Sirach, Abareq and Tahrood. Other ranges that stretch out from Yazd to Kerman and Challeh-ye-Jazmoorian include high peaks like Hazaran which is 4,501 meters above sea level (ASL), Kuh-e Shah 4,402 meters ASL, Joupar, Bahr Aseman and Khabr mountain in Khabr National Park and others.
Most of the province is largely steppe or sandy desert, although there are some oases where dates, oranges (said to be the best in Iran), and pistachios are cultivated. In antiquity "Carmanian" wine was famed for its quality [Strabo XV.2.14 (cap. 726)]. The province is dependent on qanats (underground water channels) for its irrigation. In the central parts, Mount Hezar is the highest peak, 4501 meters above sea level.
Kerman is prone to natural disasters. A recent flood for example, unearthed the archeological ancient city of Jiroft, in the south of Kerman province. Arg-é Bam on the other hand, the world's largest adobe structure, was destroyed in an earthquake in December 2003. On February 22, 2005, a major earthquake killed hundreds of residents in the town of Zarand and several nearby villages in north Kerman.
Economy
[edit]As of 1920, the province was known for the quality of its caraway.[21] Today, Kerman is where a large portion of Iran's auto industry is based. Sirjan, a specially designated economic zone, is considered a passageway for transfer of imported commercial goods from the south (through the Persian Gulf). Arg e Jadid, is another specially designated economic zone of Iran, located in Kerman province. Furthermore, Kerman province is famous for its abundance of pistachio fields both in the city itself and surrounding ones such as Rafsanjan, Ravar and Nooq.
The Gol Gohar mine, the largest iron mine in Iran,[22] is located in Kerman province.[23]: 105
Education
[edit]Colleges and universities
[edit]Kerman province contains the following universities:
- Jiroft University
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences
- Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
- Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
- Sirjan University of Technology
- ValiAsr University of Rafsanjan
See also
[edit]- Kirman (Sasanian province)
- Kerman Province parliamentary districts (related to the Islamic Consultative Assembly)
- List of monuments in Kerman Province
- Carmania (satrapy)
- Dalfard
Media related to Kerman Province at Wikimedia Commons
Notes
[edit]- ^ Also romanized as Ostān-e Kermān
- ^ Separated from Rafsanjan County after the 2006 census[12]
- ^ Separated from Baft County after the 2006 census[13]
- ^ Separated from Bam County after the 2006 census[14]
- ^ Separated from Kahnuj County after the 2006 census[15]
- ^ Separated from Rigan County after the 2016 census[16]
- ^ Separated from Rudbar-e Jonubi County after the 2016 census[17]
- ^ Separated from Bam County after the 2006 census[18]
- ^ Separated from Baft County after the 2006 census[19]
- ^ Separated from Bam County after the 2006 census[20]
References
[edit]- ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (2 December 2024). "Kerman Province" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 2 December 2024.
- ^ a b c d e Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Kerman Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
- ^ Habibi, Hassan (c. 2024) [Approved 21 June 1369]. Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Kerman province, centered in the city of Kerman. lamtakam.com (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council. Proposal 3233.1.5.53; Letter 907-93808; Notification 82812/T139K. Archived from the original on 30 January 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2024 – via Lam ta Kam.
- ^ "همشهری آنلاین-استانهای کشور به ۵ منطقه تقسیم شدند (Provinces were divided into 5 regions)". Hamshahri Online (in Persian). 22 June 2014. Archived from the original on 23 June 2014.
- ^ "CARMANIA". iranicaonline.org.
- ^ http://www.sci.org.ir/content/userfiles/_sci_en/sci_en/sel/year85/f1/CS_01_4.HTM[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b Bosworth, C. E. (2013). "KERMAN v. HISTORY FROM THE ISLAMIC CONQUEST TO THE COMING OF THE MONGOLS". Iranica Online.
- ^ a b Borjian, Habib (2017). "KERMAN xvi. LANGUAGES". Iranica Online. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
- ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Kerman Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Kerman Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 29 March 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
- ^ Davodi, Parviz (c. 2024) [Approved 3 March 1388]. Approval letter regarding the creation of Anar County with the center of Anar city. lamtakam.com (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Proposal 164712/42/4/1; Notification 53206/T39429H. Archived from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2024 – via Lam ta Kam.
- ^ Rahimi, Mohammad Reza (c. 2023) [Approved 1 December 1389]. Approval letter regarding the national divisions in Baft County under the jurisdiction of Kerman province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Proposal 44504/42/4/1. Archived from the original on 29 August 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2024 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
- ^ Davodi, Parviz (c. 2023) [Approved 4 June 1388]. Approval letter regarding reforms and divisional changes in Kerman province. lamtakam.com (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Notification 72382/T42981H. Archived from the original on 18 December 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023 – via Lam ta Kam.
- ^ Rahimi, Mohammad Reza (c. 2022) [Approved 16 November 1389]. Letter of approval regarding national divisions in Kerman province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Board of Ministers. Proposal 44522/42/1/4/1. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2024 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
- ^ Mokhbar, Mohammad (27 May 2023) [Approved 18 February 1402]. "Approval letter regarding the national divisions of Kerman province". dotic.ir (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Proposal 65204; Notification 25362/T59007H. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of Iran.
- ^ Mokhbar, Mohammad (c. 2023) [Approved 24 December 1401]. Letter of approval regarding the national divisions of Kerman province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Proposal 134392. Archived from the original on 7 July 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
- ^ Rahimi, Mohammad Reza (c. 2023) [Approved 23 March 1389]. Letter of approval regarding national divisions in Kerman province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Proposal 42/4/1/44515. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
- ^ Ahmadinejad, Mahmud (c. 2024) [Approved 5 July 1388]. Approval letter regarding divisional reforms and changes in Kerman province. lamtakam.com (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Notification 99576/T43154H. Archived from the original on 2 December 2024. Retrieved 2 December 2024 – via Lam ta Kam.
- ^ Davodi, Parviz (c. 2024) [Approved 29 July 1386]. Approval letter regarding the reforms of national divisions in Kerman province. lamtakam.com (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Political-Defense Commission of the Government Board. Proposal 93023/42/1/4/1; Letter 58538/T26118H; Notification 161407/T38028K. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2024 – via Lam ta Kam.
- ^ Sykes, Percy (1921). A History of Persia. London: Macmillan and Company. p. 75.
- ^ Assari, Amin (2019). "Defining hydrogeology of the Gohar-Zamin open pit mine, Iran: a case study in a hard-rock aquifer". Hydrogeology Journal. 27: 1479–95. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
- ^ Bagherian, A.; Shahriar, K. (2003). "Slope Stability at Gol-E-Gohar Iron Mine" (PDF). 18"' International Mining Congress and Exhibition of Turkey: 105–12. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
 | The examples and perspective in this section may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (February 2017) |
- Edward Balfour (1885), "Kirman", Cyclopaedia of India (3rd ed.), London: B. Quaritch, hdl:2027/mdp.39015068611014 – via HathiTrust
- Guy Le Strange (1905). "Kirman". Lands of the Eastern Caliphate. Cambridge University Press. p. 299 – via Internet Archive.
- Houtum-Schindler, Albert (1911). . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 755–756.
- W. Barthold (1984). "Quhistan, Kirman, and Makran". An Historical Geography of Iran. Translated by Svat Soucek. Princeton University Press. pp. 133–147. ISBN 978-1-4008-5322-9.
External links
[edit]- "Kerman". Encyclopædia Iranica.
- Houchang E. Chehabi (ed.). "Regional Studies: Kerman". Bibliographia Iranica. USA: Iranian Studies Group at MIT. Archived from the original on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2017. (Bibliography)
- Kerman Specially Designated Economic Zone Archived 2021-04-11 at the Wayback Machine
Places adjacent to Kerman province | |
|---|---|
| Authority control databases: National |
|---|
Kerman province, Iran | ||
|---|---|---|
| Capital |  | |
| Counties and cities | ||
| Sights |
| |
| Places | ||