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Twin cities

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High-rise buildings in Minneapolis's Cedar-Riverside neighborhood, with the Downtown Saint Paul skyline visible in the background ten miles away. Minneapolis' city limits border those of Saint Paul, the capital of Minnesota. This gave birth to the nickname of the region, the "Twin Cities" metropolitan area.
A view of the town of Tornio (Finland), which forms a twin city with Haparanda (Sweden)

Twin cities are a special case of two neighboring cities or urban centres that grow into a single conurbation – or narrowly separated urban areas – over time. There are no formal criteria, but twin cities are generally comparable in status and size, though not necessarily equal; a city and a substantially smaller suburb would not typically qualify, even if they were once separate. Tri-cities and quad cities are similar phenomena involving three or four municipalities.

A common – but not universal – scenario is two cities that developed concurrently on opposite sides of a river. For example, Minneapolis and Saint Paul in Minnesota – one of the most widely known pairs of "Twin Cities" – were founded several miles apart on opposite sides of the Mississippi River, and competed for prominence as they grew.

In some cases, twin cities are separated by a state border, such as Albury (New South Wales) and Wodonga (Victoria) in Australia, on opposite sides of the Murray River. In Pakistan, Islamabad and Rawalpindi are twin cities located in northwestern Punjab region with Islamabad, administratively being part of the Islamabad Capital Territory, and Rawalpindi, part of the province of Punjab. Cities on opposite sides of international borders sometimes share enough cultural and historical identity to be seen as twins, such as Haparanda (Sweden) and Tornio (Finland), Leticia (Colombia) and Tabatinga (Brazil), or Valga (Estonia) and Valka (Latvia).

In some cases twin cities eventually merge into a single legal municipality, such as Buda and Pest merging in 1873 into Budapest, Hungary; Brooklyn being annexed by New York City in 1898; or the three ancient cities of Hankou, Hanyang, and Wuchang joining in 1927 into Wuhan.

As a single urban area, twin cities may share an airport whose airport codes include both cities' initials, e.g., DFW (Dallas–Fort Worth), LBA (LeedsBradford), MSP (Minneapolis–Saint Paul), RDU (Raleigh and Durham), and CAK (AkronCanton).

Twin cities

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Cross-border example of twin cities: Plaza Internacional of the Frontera de la Paz. On the left, Santana do Livramento (Brazil); on the right, Rivera (Uruguay).

List of International border towns and cities

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Africa

[edit]
Border towns Countries
Kinshasa and Brazzaville  Democratic Republic of the Congo /  Republic of the Congo
Victoria Falls and Livingstone  Zimbabwe /  Zambia

Asia

[edit]
Border towns Countries
Astara and Astara  Azerbaijan /  Iran
Dandong and Sinuiju  China /  North Korea
Manzhouli and Zabaykalsk  China /  Russia
Heihe and Blagoveshchensk
Dongxing and Mong Cai  China /  Vietnam
Hekou and Lao Cai
Johor Bahru and Singapore[1]  Malaysia /  Singapore
Vientiane and Nong Khai  Thailand /  Laos
Dansavan and Lao Bao  Laos /  Vietnam
Al Ain and Al Buraimi  United Arab Emirates /  Oman
Agartala and Akhaura  India /  Bangladesh

Europe

[edit]
Border towns Countries
Vienna and Bratislava. This is an example of capital cities of neighboring nations being twin cities of one another.  Austria /  Slovakia
Bad Radkersburg and Gornja Radgona  Austria /  Slovenia
Comines and Comines  France /  Belgium
Mouscron and Tourcoing
Wervik and Wervicq-Sud
Slavonski Brod and Bosanski Brod  Croatia /  Bosnia and Herzegovina
Český Těšín and Cieszyn  Czech Republic /  Poland
Skien and Porsgrunn. Together with Tollnes, Gulset and Åfoss they form the Grenland metropolitan area  Norway /  Norway
Copenhagen and Malmö  Denmark /  Sweden
Valga and Valka  Estonia /  Latvia
Narva and Ivangorod  Estonia /  Russia
Imatra and Svetogorsk  Finland /  Russia
Tornio and Haparanda  Finland /  Sweden
Strasbourg and Kehl  France /  Germany
Hendaye and Irun  Spain /  France
Frankfurt (Oder) and Słubice  Poland /  Germany
Görlitz and Zgorzelec
Guben and Gubin
Heringsdorf and Świnoujście
Konstanz and Kreuzlingen   Switzerland /  Germany
Laufenburg (Baden) and Laufenburg, Aargau separated by the Rhine River (used to be one city until 1801/1802).
Esztergom and Štúrovo  Hungary /  Slovakia
Komárno and Komárom
Strabane and Lifford  Ireland /  United Kingdom
Gorizia and Nova Gorica  Italy /  Slovenia
Rome and Vatican City. Vatican City is the only sovereign state surrounded entirely by a single city, Rome. The Vatican is an area in Rome. It was part of Italy until 1929, when Pope Pius XI and Benito Mussolini signed the Lateran Treaty.  Italy /  Vatican
Kerkrade and Herzogenrath  Netherlands /  Germany
La Línea de la Concepción  Spain /  United Kingdom
Basel, Weil am Rhein and Saint Louis   Switzerland /  Germany /  France

North America

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Border towns Bordering countries
Niagara Falls, Ontario and Niagara Falls, New York  United States /  Canada
Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario and Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan
North Portal, Saskatchewan and Portal, North Dakota
Tecate, Baja California Tecate, California  United States /  Mexico
Boquillas del Carmen, Coahuila Boquillas, Texas
Naco, Sonora Naco, Arizona
Nogales, Sonora Nogales, Arizona
San Luis Río Colorado, Sonora San Luis, Arizona
Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas Laredo, Texas
Nuevo Progreso, Río Bravo, Tamaulipas Progreso, Texas
Calexico, California; Mexicali, Baja California (Calexico–Mexicali)
Ciudad Hidalgo, Chiapas and Ayutla, San Marcos  Mexico /  Guatemala
Detroit, Michigan and Windsor, Ontario (Detroit–Windsor)  United States /  Canada
International Falls, Minnesota and Fort Frances, Ontario
Douglas, Arizona and Agua Prieta, Sonora  United States /  Mexico
Yuma, Arizona and San Luis Río Colorado, Sonora
San Diego, California and Tijuana, Baja California see San Diego–Tijuana
Brownsville, Texas and Matamoros, Tamaulipas see Brownsville–Matamoros
Del Rio, Texas and Ciudad Acuña, Coahuila
Eagle Pass, Texas and Piedras Negras, Coahuila
El Paso, Texas and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua see El Paso–Juárez
Presidio, Texas and Manuel Ojinaga, Chihuahua

South America

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Border town Countries
Sant'Ana do Livramento, Rio Grande do Sul and Rivera  Brazil  /  Uruguay

List of internal border towns and cities

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Africa

[edit]
Twin towns Country
Cairo and Giza.[2] Triple cities if counting Shubra El Kheima.  Egypt
Port Said and Port Fuad
Sekondi-Takoradi  Ghana
Johannesburg and Pretoria, Gauteng Province  South Africa

Asia

[edit]
Twin towns Country
Dhaka and Narayanganj  Bangladesh
Guangzhou and Foshan  China
Xi'an and Xianyang
Beijing and Langfang
Wuxi and Suzhou
Chaozhou and Shantou
Haifeng and Lufeng
Hong Kong and Shenzhen[3]
Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar, Gujarat[4]  India
Allahabad and Naini, Uttar Pradesh[4]
Bangalore and Hosur, Karnataka
Bishangarh and Jalore, Rajasthan
Chümoukedima and Dimapur, Nagaland
Cuttack and Bhubaneswar, Odisha[5]
Durg and Bhilai, Chhattisgarh[5]
Hubli and Dharwad, Karnataka[5]
Mysore and Srirangapatna, Karnataka
Kankroli and Rajsamand, Rajasthan[5]
Kochi and Ernakulam, Kerala[5][6]
Coimbatore and Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu
Kolkata and Howrah, West Bengal[5]
Mumbai and Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra[5]
Kalyan and Dombivli, Maharashtra[4]
Mira and Bhayandar, Maharashtra[5]
Vasai and Virar, Maharashtra[5]
Ambarnath and Badlapur, Maharashtra[5]
Pimpri and Chinchwad, Maharashtra[5]
Sangli and Miraj, Maharashtra
Munger and Jamalpur, Bihar[5]
Noida and Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh[5]
Pondicherry and Cuddalore
Ranchi and Hatia, Jharkhand[5]
Surat and Navsari, Gujarat
Sumerpur and Sheoganj, Rajasthan
Thrissur and Guruvayur, Kerala[5]
Vijayawada and Guntur, Andhra Pradesh[5]
Bangarpet and Kolar Gold Fields, Karnataka
Harihar and Davangere, Karnataka
Shivamoga and Bhadravati, Karnataka
Attur and Narasingapuram, Tamil Nadu
Bhavani and Komarapalayam, Tamil Nadu
Dharmapuri and Nallampalli, Tamil Nadu
Erode and Pallipalayam, Tamil Nadu
Namakkal and Karur, Tamil Nadu
Tiruchirappalli and Srirangam, Tamil Nadu
Tirunelveli and Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu[5]
Hyderabad and Secunderabad, Telangana
Asansol and Durgapur, West Bengal
Barrackpore and Barasat, West Bengal
Coochbehar and Alipurduar, West Bengal
Jalpaiguri and Mainaguri, West Bengal
Siliguri and Jalpaiguri, West Bengal
Berhampore and Murshidabad, West Bengal
Erbil and Mosul  Iraq
Seleucia and Ctesiphon[n 1]
Ramla and Lod  Israel
Tel Aviv and Jaffa
Aomori and Hakodate  Japan
Kamisu and Kashima[n 2]
Kitakyushu and Shimonoseki
Kyoto and Otsu
Maebashi and Takasaki
Nasushiobara and Otawara[n 3]
Okayama and Kurashiki[n 4]
Osaka and Sakai[n 5]
Sanjo and Tsubame
Toyohashi and Toyokawa
Tsukuba and Tsuchiura[n 6]
Yokkaichi and Suzuka
Karagandy and Temirtau  Kazakhstan
Beirut and Jounieh, Lebanon  Lebanon
Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya,  Malaysia
Bharatpur and Gaindakot    Nepal
Butwal and Tilottama
Nepalgunj and Kohalpur
Rason and Chongjin  North Korea
Jhelum and Sarai Alamgir  Pakistan
Peshawar and Mardan
Rawalpindi and Islamabad
Ramallah and al-Bireh  Palestine
Baguio and La Trinidad  Philippines
Bantay and Vigan
Bayombong and Solano
Dagupan and Lingayen
Daraga and Legazpi
Dipolog and Dapitan
Laoag and San Nicolas
Lemery and Taal
Palo and Tacloban
Santo Tomas and Batangas
Dammam and Khobar  Saudi Arabia
Seoul and Incheon, South Korea  South Korea
Busan and Ulsan, South Korea
Sejong City and Daejeon, South Korea
Yangyang and Sokcho, South Korea
Taipei and New Taipei, Taiwan  Taiwan
Bangkok and Nonthaburi, Thailand  Thailand
Chiang Mai and Lamphun, Thailand
Songkhla and Hatyai, Thailand
Ho Chi Minh City and Binh Duong  Vietnam
Phan Rang-Tháp Chàm
Historic
[edit]
Twin towns Country
Victoria and Kowloon, colonial Hong Kong—although, in both colonial Hong Kong and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Victoria is the only city recognised by law; they were widely considered to be separate cities until at least the mid-1970s.[7]  British Hong Kong
Wuhan (merger of Wuchang, Hankou, Hanyang)  China
Chirala-Perala  India
Bangalore Cantonment and Bengaluru Pete along with their suburbs merged to form modern Bangalore
Fukuoka (merger of east side of Naka river, Hakata, and the west side, Fukuoka)  Japan
Ise (merger of Uji, Yamada)
Joetsu (merger of Takada, Naoetsu)
Naha and Shuri, Okinawa, once separate cities. Shuri became integrated as a district of Naha.
Saigon and Cholon, merged into Saigon-Cholon, now Ho Chi Minh City.  South Vietnam

Europe

[edit]
Twin towns Country
Nørresundby and Aalborg  Denmark
Kotka and Hamina  Finland
Frejus and Saint-Raphaël  France
Lyon and Villeurbanne
Frankfurt and Offenbach  Germany
Ludwigshafen and Mannheim
Mainz and Wiesbaden
Mönchengladbach and Rheydt
Nuremberg and Fuerth
Sindelfingen and Böblingen
Ulm and Neu-Ulm
Villingen-Schwenningen
Ballybofey and Stranorlar, in County Donegal, Ireland are often called the Twin Towns and form the built up area of Ballybofey and Stranorlar  Ireland
Fredrikstad and Sarpsborg  Norway
Porsgrunn and Skien
Sandnes and Stavanger
Bydgoszcz and Toruń  Poland
Kalisz and Ostrów Wielkopolski
Porto and Vila Nova de Gaia  Portugal
Póvoa de Varzim and Vila do Conde
Novi Sad and Petrovaradin,  Serbia
Temerin and Bački Jarak
Zemun and New Belgrade
Alcobendas and San Sebastián de los Reyes  Spain
Aldaia and Alaquàs
Coslada and San Fernando de Henares
Elda and Petrer
Llombai and Catadau
Santa Cruz de Tenerife and San Cristóbal de la Laguna
Jönköping and Huskvarna,  Sweden
Donetsk and Makiivka  Ukraine
Kramatorsk and Sloviansk
Sievierodonetsk and Lysychansk
Pokrovsk and Myrnohrad
Brighton and Hove  United Kingdom
Chatham and Rochester[8]
Leeds and Bradford
Manchester and Salford
Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead
Liverpool and Birkenhead
Warwick and Leamington Spa
Historic
[edit]
Twin towns Country
Knokke and Heist-aan-Zee. United into Knokke-Heist  Belgium
Gradec and Kaptol. United into Zagreb  Croatia
Frýdek and Místek. United into Frýdek-Místek  Czech Republic
Barmen and Elberfeld. United into Wuppertal.  Germany
Kouvola and Kuusankoski. United into Kouvola.  Finland
Äänekoski and Suolahti. United into Äänekoski.
West Berlin, West Germany and East Berlin. United into Berlin.  East Germany
Buda and Pest. United into Budapest,  Hungary
Bielsko and Biała. United into Bielsko-Biała.  Poland
Skanör and Falsterbo. United into Skanör med Falsterbo.  Sweden
City of London and City of Westminster. Absorbed into London.  United Kingdom
Berwick-upon-Tweed and Tweedmouth, until the former was taken by England from Scotland.

North America

[edit]
Twin towns Country
Halifax and Dartmouth in Nova Scotia[n 7]  Canada
Kitchener and Waterloo, Ontario
Battleford and North Battleford, Saskatchewan "The Battlefords" [n 8]
Toronto and Mississauga
Phenix City, Alabama and Columbus, Georgia
Texarkana, Arkansas and Texarkana, Texas[n 9]  United States
San Bernardino and Riverside, California
Fort Collins and Loveland, Colorado
Hartford and New Britain, Connecticut
Fort Myers and Cape Coral, Florida
Fort Lauderdale and Miami, Florida
St. Petersburg and Tampa, Florida[n 10]
Augusta, Georgia and North Augusta, South Carolina
Boulder and Longmont, Colorado
Champaign and Urbana, Illinois[n 11]
Bloomington and Normal, Illinois
Waterloo and Cedar Falls, Iowa
Bangor and Brewer, Maine
Lewiston and Auburn, Maine[n 12]
Benton Harbor and St. Joseph, Michigan
Montague and Whitehall, Michigan
Houghton and Hancock, Michigan
Duluth, Minnesota, and Superior, Wisconsin[n 13]
Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota[n 14]
Natchez, Mississippi and Vidalia, Louisiana[n 15]
Crystal City and Festus, Missouri
New York, New York and Jersey City, New Jersey
Raleigh and Durham, North Carolina
Winston-Salem and Greensboro, North Carolina
Piscataway and New Brunswick, New Jersey
Fargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, Minnesota[n 16]
Grand Forks, North Dakota and East Grand Forks, Minnesota
Cincinnati, Ohio and Covington, Kentucky
Portland, Oregon and Vancouver, Washington
Delmar, Maryland and Delmar, Delaware
Scranton and Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania[n 17]
Allentown and Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Greenville and Spartanburg, South Carolina[n 18]
Bristol, Tennessee and Bristol, Virginia
Memphis, Tennessee and West Memphis, Arkansas
Dallas and Fort Worth, Texas[n 19]
Midland and Odessa, Texas[n 20]
Bluefield, Virginia and Bluefield, West Virginia
Neenah and Menasha, Wisconsin
Marinette, Wisconsin, and Menominee, Michigan
Seattle and Tacoma, Washington
Historic
[edit]
Twin city Country
Lloydminster, Alberta/Saskatchewan  Canada
Thunder Bay, Ontario[n 21]
Saginaw and East Saginaw, Michigan[n 22]  United States
Stanwood and East Stanwood, Washington[n 23]  United States
Brooklyn and New York City, New York[n 24]  United States

South America

[edit]
Twin cities Country
Carmen de Patagones and Viedma  Argentina
Paraná, Entre Ríos and Santa Fe
Americana, São Paulo and Santa Bárbara d'Oeste  Brazil
Juazeiro and Petrolina
Olinda and Recife
Vila Velha and Vitória
Ponta Porã and Mato Grosso do Sul
Concepción and Talcahuano  Chile
Coquimbo and La Serena
Valparaiso and Viña del Mar
Pedro Juan Caballero and Amambay  Paraguay
Callao and Lima  Peru
Acarigua and Araure  Venezuela
Guarenas and Guatire

Oceania

[edit]
Twin city Country
Albury and Wodonga  Australia
Canberra and Queanbeyan
Darwin and Palmerston
Forster and Tuncurry
Gold Coast and Tweed Heads
Harden and Murrumburrah
Kalgoorlie and Boulder
Perth and Fremantle
Townsville and Thuringowa
Napier and Hastings  New Zealand

Tri-cities

[edit]
Border towns Bordering countries
Brisbane; Gold Coast; and Sunshine Coast, Queensland— see South East Queensland  Australia
Sydney; Wollongong; and Newcastle, in the geological region known as the Sydney Basin
The Tri-cities of British Columbia consist of Coquitlam, Port Coquitlam, and Port Moody  Canada
The Tri-citites of Kitchener; Waterloo; and Cambridge, Ontario, the cities' collective metropolitan area is often called the K-W Tri-City Area
Tri-Town, Ontario- Cobalt, Haileybury and New Liskeard
Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Fujian  China
Wuppertal, Remscheid, Solingen, Rhineland, originally a quad-city until 1929, when Elberfeld and Barmen merged to form Wuppertal  Germany
Chandigarh; Mohali; and Panchkula[9]  India
Vijayawada; Amaravati; and Guntur
Chennai,Avadi and Tambaram
Ranipet, Walajapet and Arcot
Warangal; Hanamkonda; Kazipet — see Warangal Tri-City
Kyoto; Osaka; Kobe - see Keihanshin  Japan
Parit Buntar, Perak; Nibong Tebal, Penang; and Bandar Baharu, Kedah  Malaysia
Guadalajara; Tlaquepaque; Zapopan, Jalisco  Mexico
Bhaktapur; Kathmandu; and Patan    Nepal
Tricity, consisting of the cities of Baglung, Beni and Kushma
Bacolod; Silay; Talisay  Philippines
Cebu City; Mandaue; and Lapu-Lapu City
Angeles City; Mabalacat; and San Fernando
Gdańsk; Gdynia; and Sopot — see Tricity  Poland
Wejherowo; Rumia; and Reda — see Kashubian Tricity
The Dammam metropolitan area, consisting of Dammam; Dhahran; and Khobar  Saudi Arabia
The metropolitan municipalities of Johannesburg, Tshwane (Pretoria) and Ekurhuleni (East Rand), Gauteng Province  South Africa
Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth), Kariega (Uitenhage) and Despatch in Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality, Eastern Cape Province
East London, Bhisho and Qonce (King William's Town) in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, Eastern Cape Province
Khartoum; North Khartoum; and Omdurman  Sudan
Stockholm; Solna; and Sundbyberg  Sweden
Trollhättan; Uddevalla; and Vänersborg
The Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman metropolitan area, consisting of Dubai; Sharjah; and Ajman, United Arab Emirates  United Arab Emirates
Burbank; Glendale; and Pasadena, in Los Angeles County, California  United States
Fremont; Newark; and Union City, in Alameda County, California
Oceanside; Vista; and Carlsbad, in San Diego County, California
Riverside; San Bernardino; and Ontario, California, the cities' collective metropolitan area is often called the Inland Empire
San Jose; San Francisco; and Oakland, California[n 25]
College Park; East Point; and Hapeville, Georgia, all of which are near Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport
Bay City; Saginaw; and Midland, Michigan, the cities' collective metropolitan area is often called the Greater Tri Cities, the Great Lakes Bay Region or the MBS region
Ferrysburg; Grand Haven; and Spring Lake, Michigan
Iron River, Caspian, and Gaastra, Michigan
Ironwood; Bessemer; and Wakefield, Michigan
Grand Island; Kearney; and Hastings, in south-central Nebraska, also known as Tri-Cities, Nebraska
Rochester; Dover; and Somersworth, New Hampshire
Farmington; Bloomfield; and Aztec, New Mexico
Albany, Troy, and Schenectady, New York, in the region known as the Capital District
Binghamton; Endicott; and Johnson City, New York, the cities' collective metropolitan area is often called the Triple Cities
New York, New York; Newark; and Jersey City, New Jersey
Greensboro; Winston-Salem; and High Point, North Carolina, the cities' collective metropolitan area is often called the Piedmont Triad
Raleigh; Durham; and Chapel Hill, North Carolina, the cities' collective metropolitan area is often called the Research Triangle
Tuttle; Newcastle; and Blanchard, Oklahoma, also known as the Tri-City Area
Johnson City; Kingsport; and Bristol, Tennessee/Bristol, Virginia, also known as Tri-Cities, Tennessee
Beaumont; Port Arthur; and Orange, Texas, also known as the Golden Triangle (Texas)
Dallas; Fort Worth; and Arlington, Texas
Petersburg; Colonial Heights; and Hopewell, Virginia, also known as Tri-Cities, Virginia
Pasco; Richland; and Kennewick, Washington, also known as Tri-Cities, Washington
Washington, D.C., Alexandria, Virginia, and Arlington County, Virginia

Quad cities

[edit]
Border towns Bordering countries
Xinhui, Taishan, Kaiping, and Enping together formed Siyi area in Jiangmen, Guangdong  China
Helsinki, Espoo, Kauniainen and Vantaa in Uusimaa; together form the largest metropolis in the country and its actual capital area.  Finland
Pattaya-Chonburi Metropolitan Area consists of the City of Pattaya, Town of Chonburi, Portal town of Laem Chabang and Town of Sattahip on the west coast of Chonburi Province, Thailand  Thailand
The West Yorkshire Built-up Area consists of the cities of Leeds, Bradford and Wakefield, and the large town of Huddersfield, United Kingdom.  United Kingdom
The Florence-Muscle Shoals Metropolitan Area in Alabama, is locally referred to as "the Quad Cities", with Florence, Muscle Shoals, Sheffield, and Tuscumbia, Alabama. Formerly, when Muscle Shoals was a mere village, this region was known as "Tri-Cities", Alabama. In fact, all except Florence are incorporated as towns.  United States
Quad Cities of Davenport and Bettendorf, Iowa, and Rock Island and Moline, Illinois. It also includes a fifth member, East Moline, Illinois.
Allentown/Bethlehem, Pennsylvania and Easton, Pennsylvania/Phillipsburg, New Jersey; the collective area is often called the Lehigh Valley
The Quad Cities of Minnesota, consist of Virginia, Eveleth, Gilbert, and Mountain Iron.
The cities of Pullman, Washington, Moscow, Idaho, Lewiston, Idaho and Clarkston, Washington, have marketed themselves as "Quad Cities."[10]

More than four cities

[edit]
Border towns Country
The Triangle Region, consisting of Billund, Fredericia, Haderslev, Kolding, Middelfart, Vejen and Vejle.  Denmark
The Ruhr district consisting of Dortmund, Essen, Duisburg, Bochum, Oberhausen, Mülheim, Bottrop, Gelsenkirchen and Herne in its core.  Germany
The cities of New Delhi, Noida, Greater Noida, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon and Faridabad have formed a huge metropolitan area known as National Capital Region (India).  India
The cities of Mumbai, Thane, Navi Mumbai, Kalyan-Dombivli, Mira-Bhayandar, Vasai-Virar, Panvel, Bhiwandi, Ulhasnagar, Ambarnath and Badlapur have formed a huge Mumbai Metropolitan Region.
The cities of Kuala Lumpur, Petaling Jaya, Subang Jaya, Puchong, Shah Alam, Klang, Port Klang, Putrajaya, Cyberjaya and Kajang have formed a huge metropolitan area (around the size of Singapore) known as Greater Kuala Lumpur.  Malaysia
The cities of Karaganda, Temirtau, Shakhtinsk, Abai, Saran, Topar, Dolinka, Shahan, Kokpekti, and Novodolinsky form an industrial-mining area known since Soviet times as Karbass (Karaganda coal basin).  Kazakhstan
Illinois and Iowa: The cities of Davenport and Bettendorf in Iowa; Rock Island, Moline and East Moline in Illinois form a metropolitan area known as the Quad Cities.  United States
Michigan and Wisconsin include the 6 cities of Iron Mountain, Kingsford, Quinnesec (in Michigan), Aurora, and Niagara (in Wisconsin). The area is collectively known as the Iron Mountain Area.
Virginia: Norfolk, Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Portsmouth, Suffolk, and Virginia Beach; the cities' collective metropolitan area is often called Hampton Roads

Examples of cities formed by amalgamation

[edit]

Asia

[edit]
China
India
Japan
  • Fukuoka in Japan, a city of 1.4 million people, formerly the twin cities of Hakata and Fukuoka until the late 19th century.
  • Kitakyushu in Japan, a city of 900,000 people, created in 1963 by the merger of Yahata, Kokura, Moji, Wakamatsu, and Tobata. Yahata and Kokura had formerly been major cities in their own right.
  • Saitama in Japan, a city of 1.2 million people, created in 2001 by the merger of the cities of Urawa, Omiya, Yono, and later Iwatsuki. Urawa and Omiya could formerly have been considered twin cities.
Pakistan
  • Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan, has been expanded to include smaller towns including Rawat in its territory.
  • Lahore, the second largest city of Pakistan, has, as of 2013, grown out so much that small towns by this giant city, such as Shahdara, have been absorbed in its city limits.
Taiwan
  • The former cities of Taoyuan and Zhongli, Taiwan, which merged along with the entire county in 2014 to form a single municipality city of Taoyuan, the two cities sit directly next to each other and shares almost the same population.
Thailand
  • Bangkok, the capital and largest city of Thailand, was created in 1971, when the previous Bangkok province (Phra Nakhon) was merged with Thonburi province.
Vietnam
  • The cities of Saigon and Cholon merged in 1931 to form a single city named Saigon-Cholon; in 1956, the name Cholon was dropped and the city became known as Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City).
  • The city of Hà Đông, capital of Hà Tây Province was merged into Hà Nội upon the latter's amalgamation into Hà Nội in August 2008. Since then, Hà Đông became an urban district (quận) of Hà Nội.

Europe

[edit]
Germany
Greece
  • Athens incorporated dozens of villages and towns and absorbed whole of Athens basin and parts outside of it, notably Piraeus.
Hungary
The Netherlands
Spain
United Kingdom

North America

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Canada
United States
  • Helena–West Helena, Arkansas was formed in 2006 by the merger of the previous cities of Helena and West Helena.
  • Fremont, California was formed in 1956 by the combination of the five towns of Centerville, Irvington, Niles, Mission San Jose, and Warm Springs, California. The town of Newark has always refused to merge into Fremont, and Newark is completely surrounded by Fremont.
  • Boston, Massachusetts is made up of the former towns of Boston, Dorchester, Brighton, Roxbury, Charlestown, and Hyde Park.
  • Iron River, Michigan absorbed the nearby city of Stambaugh and village of Mineral Hills in July 2000.
  • Minneapolis, Minnesota. St. Anthony (not to be confused with St. Anthony Village, a modern city which is a suburb) was a twin city to Minneapolis in the two cities' youth. Minneapolis annexed St. Anthony in the late 1800s.
  • Park Hills, Missouri was formed in 1994 by a four-way municipal merger involving the cities of Flat River, Elvins, and Esther, plus the village of Rivermines.
  • Jersey City, New Jersey, was incorporated in 1820, and slowly grew by annexing surrounding municipalities: Van Vorst Twp. (1851), Bergen City (1869), Hudson City (1869), Bergen Twp. (1869) and finally Greenville Twp. (1873).
  • New York City, New York (five boroughs, historically especially between Manhattan and Brooklyn)
  • What is now the city of Winston-Salem, North Carolina was once two separate towns called Winston and Salem that were combined into one.[n 26]
  • Cleveland (Cleveland and Ohio City) in Ohio
  • Lincoln City, Oregon was formed in 1965 by merging the extant seaside towns of Oceanlake, Delake, and Taft, with the adjoining unincorporated areas of Nelscott and Cutler City.
  • Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, which absorbed the cities of South Bethlehem, and West Bethlehem. The former Bethlehem and South Bethlehem are situated in Northampton County, and West Bethlehem is in Lehigh County. As a result, present-day Bethlehem straddles the county line.
  • Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, annexed Allegheny City, which is now the quarter of the city that lies north of the Allegheny and Ohio rivers. Also annexed was Birmingham, now referred to as the "South Side".
  • Richmond (Richmond and Manchester) in central Virginia
  • Bellingham, Washington was formed from four cities, Fairhaven, Sehome, Bellingham and Whatcom.

Fictional twin cities

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Formed historic Al-Mada'in.
  2. ^ Co-centers of a shared micropolitan area.
  3. ^ Co-centers of a shared micropolitan area.
  4. ^ Kurashiki is somewhat more of a suburb
  5. ^ Co-centers of a shared major metropolitan area. See Keihanshin
  6. ^ Co-centers of a shared major metropolitan area.
  7. ^ Main cities of Metropolitan Halifax, they are geographically separated by Halifax Harbour
  8. ^ Separated by the North Saskatchewan River. While the communities are commonly referred to by the collective "The Battlefords," they retain distinctive identities.
  9. ^ The cities meet at the border between Texas and Arkansas, and their name is a portmanteau of those states' names as well as that of Louisiana, whose border lies approximately 25 miles to the south. See Texarkana metropolitan area and Ark-La-Tex.
  10. ^ Main cities of the Tampa Bay Area.
  11. ^ Champaign was originally known as West Urbana but has since outgrown its neighbor. See Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area.
  12. ^ Also called the Twin Cities or L–A. See Lewiston–Auburn
  13. ^ Nicknamed the Twin Ports, these form the world's largest freshwater port.
  14. ^ Also known as the Twin Cities
  15. ^ The cities are connected by two twin cantilever bridges which merge the two cities together as sister cities. The cities meet on the Mississippi and Louisiana state border and along the Mississippi River adjacent to each other. They both share long history together. Natchez, Mississippi is also a historical part of Concordia Parish, Louisiana, to which Vidalia is the seat of Concordia Parish. See Natchez–Vidalia Bridge, Concordia Parish and Adams County, Mississippi.
  16. ^ See Fargo–Moorhead.
  17. ^ The core cities of the Wyoming Valley in northeastern Pennsylvania.
  18. ^ The two largest cities of Upstate South Carolina. Their shared international airport is named after both cities (Greenville–Spartanburg International Airport).
  19. ^ Twin cores of the Metroplex of northern Texas.
  20. ^ Nicknamed the Petroplex in a nod to the DFW region's nickname, as well as its strong reliance on the oil industry.
  21. ^ Fort William and Port Arthur amalgamated
  22. ^ East Saginaw annexed by Saginaw in 1889.
  23. ^ The two Stanwoods consolidated in 1960.
  24. ^ Prior to their consolidation into a single city in 1898 - as noted in the poem "The New Colossus", which is inscribed on a plaque at the Statue of Liberty.
  25. ^ the principal cities of the San Francisco Bay area.
  26. ^ Nicknamed the Twin City.

References

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  1. ^ "Johor Bahru & Singapore: Is the conurbation defining megaregion in the South-East Asia?". Young Academic network. Retrieved 2023-05-21.
  2. ^ "5 Famous Sets of Twin Cities From Around the Globe". Trip Trivia. 2019-10-03. Retrieved 2023-05-21.
  3. ^ "The Chief Executive's 2021 Policy Address - Policy Address".
  4. ^ a b c "10 Twin Towns and Sister Cities of Indian States". walkthroughindia.com. 26 September 2013. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "10 Twin Towns and Sister Cities of Indian States". walkthroughindia.com. 26 September 2013. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
  6. ^ Weather story from 2006 The Hindu Business Line. Retrieved 2006-12-31
  7. ^ [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]
  8. ^ "It's a wise man who knows where Chatham ends and Rochester begins." Charles Dickens
  9. ^ "Tricity residents to get Emaar MGF's Central Plaza soon". The Financial Express. Jan 6, 2014.
  10. ^ "Quad Cities too generic a name for ID, WA cities". The Seattle Times. 28 April 2010. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  11. ^ "Juan Manuel Grijalvo - Madrid - Barrios desaparecidos y actuales - Antiguos municipios independientes".
  12. ^ See e.g. the introduction of The Hogfather q:Terry Pratchett's Hogfather
  13. ^ The Flash (volume 1) #123, DC Comics, September 1961
  14. ^ Starr, Joe (2015-08-05). "Nerd Rabbit Hole: A Guide To Disney's Duck Universe". Pajiba. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
  15. ^ "San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge". www.visitcalifornia.com. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
  16. ^ Action Comics #451, DC Comics, September 1975
  17. ^ New Adventures of Superboy #22, DC Comics, October 1981
  18. ^ World's Finest Comics #259, DC Comics, October–November 1979
  19. ^ Burroughs, Edgar Rice (1917). A Princess of Mars. A. C. McClurg & Co. pp. 279–80, 305, 313–14.